![]() ![]() Census Bureau population estimates for calculating crude rates. Deaths were stratified by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and level of urbanization and combined with U.S. For case records listing heat-related codes for natural heat exposure occurring only as contributing causes, comorbid conditions recorded as the underlying cause of death were further evaluated for the following categories §§: major cardiovascular diseases (I00–I78) ( 2) external causes of morbidity and mortality (V01–Y98 and U01–U03) mental and behavioral disorders (F00–F99) diseases of the respiratory system (J00–J99) endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders (E00–E90) diseases of the digestive system (K00–K93) genitourinary disorders (N00–N98) musculoskeletal disorders (M00–M99) and other diseases. †† Records with ICD-10 code W92 (exposure to excessive heat of man-made origin) listed anywhere on the death certificate were excluded to restrict the selection to deaths resulting from natural heat exposure. Selected heat-related case records included those listing ICD-10 codes X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), P81.0 (environmental hyperthermia of newborn), or T67 (effects of heat and light) as the underlying cause of death,** or as one of the contributing causes. residents were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) ¶ codes included in the NVSS multiple-cause-of-death mortality data. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, CDC updated its guidance on the use of cooling centers to provide best practices (e.g., potential changes to staffing procedures, separate areas for persons with symptoms of COVID-19, and physical distancing) to reduce the risk for introducing and transmitting SARS COV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into cooling centers. CDC also recommends that federal, state, local, and tribal jurisdictions open cooling centers or provide access to public locations with air conditioning for persons in need of a safe, cool, environment during hot weather conditions. For instance, jurisdictions can monitor weather conditions and syndromic surveillance data to guide timing of risk communication and other measures (e.g., developing and implementing heat response plans, facilitating communication and education activities) to prevent heat-related mortality in the United States. Improved coordination across various health care sectors could inform local activities to protect health during periods of high heat. Successful public health interventions † to mitigate heat-related deaths include conducting outreach to vulnerable communities to increase awareness of heat-related symptoms and provide guidance for staying cool and hydrated, particularly for susceptible groups at risk such as young athletes and persons who are older or socially isolated ( 2). Preparedness and response initiatives directed toward extreme heat events, currently underway at local, state, and national levels, can contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with natural heat exposure. ![]() ![]() ![]() Natural heat exposure was a contributing cause of deaths attributed to certain chronic medical conditions and other external causes. To study patterns in heat-related deaths by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and level of urbanization, and to explore comorbid conditions associated with deaths resulting from heat exposure, CDC analyzed nationally comprehensive mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS).* The rate of heat-related mortality tended to be higher among males, persons aged ≥65 years, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives, and persons living in noncore nonmetropolitan and large central metropolitan counties. During 2004–2018, an average of 702 heat-related deaths occurred in the United States annually. Deaths attributable to natural heat exposure, although generally considered preventable ( 1), represent a continuing public health concern in the United States. ![]()
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